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Social Influence Theory (view source)
Revision as of 20:37, 27 February 2017
, 20:37, 27 February 2017Created page with "== Acronym == * == Alternate name(s) == Kelman's three process theory == Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s) == * == Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) == * == Con..."
== Acronym ==
*
== Alternate name(s) ==
Kelman's three process theory
== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
*
== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
*
== Concise description of theory ==
The central theme of Social influence theory, as proposed by Kelman (1958), is that an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and subsequent actions or behaviors are influenced by referent others through three processes: compliance, identification, and internalization. Kelman (1958) posited that social influence brings about changes in attitude and actions, and that changes may occur at different “levels.” This difference in the level of changes can be attributed by the differences in the processes through which individuals accept influence. Kelman (1958) delineated three primary processes of influence as described below:
** ''Compliance'' is assumed to occur when individuals accept influence and adopt the induced behavior to gain rewards (or, approval) and avoid punishments (or, disapproval). Hence, “the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the ''social effect'' of accepting influence.” (p. 53)
** ''Identification'' is said to happen when individuals adopt the induced behavior in order to create or maintain a desired and beneficial relationship to another person or a group. Hence, the satisfaction occurs due to “the ''act'' of conforming.” (p. 53)
** ''Internalization'' is assumed to occur when individuals accept influence after perceiving the content of the induced behavior is rewarding in which the content indicates the opinions and actions of others. It is also stated that individuals adopt the induced behavior realizing that it is congruent with their value system. In this case, therefore, the satisfaction occurs due to “the ''content'' of the new behavior.” (p. 53)
Since social influence can shape an individual’s attitudes, beliefs and actions, the impact of social influence on information systems (IS) acceptance and usage has been studied extensively. However, the initial theorizing on IS adoption and use (Lewis et al. 2003; Venkatesh and Davis 2000; Venkatesh et al. 2003) is contended to consider the perspective of social normative ''compliance'', thereby overlooking the ''identification'' and ''internalization'' processes of social influence (Malhotra and Galletta 2005). It is argued that the ''subjective norm'' is the dominant conceptualization of social influence and mostly emphasizes compliance (Wang et al. 2013). Subjective norm is theorized in several behavioral models such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Ajzen 1991; Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). Technology-related subjective norm appears in different IS-specific models, including TAM2 and UTAUT (Venkatesh and Davis 2000; Venkatesh et al. 2003).
Realizing that only one aspect of social influence i.e., ''compliance'' may not predict the true relationship between the system users’ belief and behavior, and IS use, other researchers attempt to bring the perspectives of all three processes of social influence to provide the integrated impact of them (Malhotra and Galletta 2005; Wang et al. 2013). They believe that the effect of compliance-based social influence may reduce over time, whereas the effects of identification and internalization would persist over longer periods. Therefore, studies that theorize all three processes of social influence indicate that social influence may differ significantly across groups in organizations (Wang et al. 2013). Such conceptualization helps us to understand how the system users’ ''own'' beliefs and judgments also influence their commitment to adopt and use technology, complementing the understanding of previous studies that focus on how the system users ''comply'' and ''conform'' to the beliefs of salient others.
== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
== Originating author(s) ==
* Kelman (1958)
== Seminal articles ==
Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” ''Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes'' (50:2), pp. 179-211.
Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. 1975. ''Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research'', Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Kelman, H. C. 1958. “Compliance, Identification, and Internalization: Three Processes of Attitude Change,” ''Journal of Conflict Resolution'' (2:1), pp. 51-60.
Lewis, W., Agarwal, R., and Sambamurthy, V. 2003. “Sources of Influence on Beliefs about Information Technology Use: An Empirical Study of Knowledge Workers,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (27:4), pp. 657-678.
Malhotra, Y., and Galletta, D. 2005. “A Multidimensional Commitment Model of Volitional Systems Adoption and Usage Behavior,” ''Journal of Management Information Systems'' (22:1), pp. 117-151.
Venkatesh, V., and Davis, F. D. 2000. “A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies,” ''Management Science'' (46:2), pp. 186-204.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., and Davis, F. D. 2003. “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” ''MIS Quarterly'' (27:3), pp. 425-478.
Wang, Y., Meister, D. B., and Gray, P. H. 2013. “Social Influence and Knowledge Management Systems Use: Evidence from Panel Data,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (37:1), pp. 299-313.
== Originating area ==
* Psychology
== Level of analysis ==
* Individual
== Links to WWW sites describing theory ==
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_influence
== Links from this theory to other theories ==
*
== IS articles that use the theory ==
Malhotra, Y., and Galletta, D. 2005. “A Multidimensional Commitment Model of Volitional Systems Adoption and Usage Behavior,” ''Journal of Management Information Systems'' (22:1), pp. 117-151.
Wang, Y., Meister, D. B., and Gray, P. H. 2013. “Social Influence and Knowledge Management Systems Use: Evidence from Panel Data,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (37:1), pp. 299-313.
== Contributor(s) ==
* Anupriya Khan
== Date last updated ==
*
*
== Alternate name(s) ==
Kelman's three process theory
== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
*
== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
*
== Concise description of theory ==
The central theme of Social influence theory, as proposed by Kelman (1958), is that an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and subsequent actions or behaviors are influenced by referent others through three processes: compliance, identification, and internalization. Kelman (1958) posited that social influence brings about changes in attitude and actions, and that changes may occur at different “levels.” This difference in the level of changes can be attributed by the differences in the processes through which individuals accept influence. Kelman (1958) delineated three primary processes of influence as described below:
** ''Compliance'' is assumed to occur when individuals accept influence and adopt the induced behavior to gain rewards (or, approval) and avoid punishments (or, disapproval). Hence, “the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the ''social effect'' of accepting influence.” (p. 53)
** ''Identification'' is said to happen when individuals adopt the induced behavior in order to create or maintain a desired and beneficial relationship to another person or a group. Hence, the satisfaction occurs due to “the ''act'' of conforming.” (p. 53)
** ''Internalization'' is assumed to occur when individuals accept influence after perceiving the content of the induced behavior is rewarding in which the content indicates the opinions and actions of others. It is also stated that individuals adopt the induced behavior realizing that it is congruent with their value system. In this case, therefore, the satisfaction occurs due to “the ''content'' of the new behavior.” (p. 53)
Since social influence can shape an individual’s attitudes, beliefs and actions, the impact of social influence on information systems (IS) acceptance and usage has been studied extensively. However, the initial theorizing on IS adoption and use (Lewis et al. 2003; Venkatesh and Davis 2000; Venkatesh et al. 2003) is contended to consider the perspective of social normative ''compliance'', thereby overlooking the ''identification'' and ''internalization'' processes of social influence (Malhotra and Galletta 2005). It is argued that the ''subjective norm'' is the dominant conceptualization of social influence and mostly emphasizes compliance (Wang et al. 2013). Subjective norm is theorized in several behavioral models such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Ajzen 1991; Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). Technology-related subjective norm appears in different IS-specific models, including TAM2 and UTAUT (Venkatesh and Davis 2000; Venkatesh et al. 2003).
Realizing that only one aspect of social influence i.e., ''compliance'' may not predict the true relationship between the system users’ belief and behavior, and IS use, other researchers attempt to bring the perspectives of all three processes of social influence to provide the integrated impact of them (Malhotra and Galletta 2005; Wang et al. 2013). They believe that the effect of compliance-based social influence may reduce over time, whereas the effects of identification and internalization would persist over longer periods. Therefore, studies that theorize all three processes of social influence indicate that social influence may differ significantly across groups in organizations (Wang et al. 2013). Such conceptualization helps us to understand how the system users’ ''own'' beliefs and judgments also influence their commitment to adopt and use technology, complementing the understanding of previous studies that focus on how the system users ''comply'' and ''conform'' to the beliefs of salient others.
== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
== Originating author(s) ==
* Kelman (1958)
== Seminal articles ==
Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” ''Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes'' (50:2), pp. 179-211.
Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. 1975. ''Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research'', Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Kelman, H. C. 1958. “Compliance, Identification, and Internalization: Three Processes of Attitude Change,” ''Journal of Conflict Resolution'' (2:1), pp. 51-60.
Lewis, W., Agarwal, R., and Sambamurthy, V. 2003. “Sources of Influence on Beliefs about Information Technology Use: An Empirical Study of Knowledge Workers,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (27:4), pp. 657-678.
Malhotra, Y., and Galletta, D. 2005. “A Multidimensional Commitment Model of Volitional Systems Adoption and Usage Behavior,” ''Journal of Management Information Systems'' (22:1), pp. 117-151.
Venkatesh, V., and Davis, F. D. 2000. “A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies,” ''Management Science'' (46:2), pp. 186-204.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., and Davis, F. D. 2003. “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” ''MIS Quarterly'' (27:3), pp. 425-478.
Wang, Y., Meister, D. B., and Gray, P. H. 2013. “Social Influence and Knowledge Management Systems Use: Evidence from Panel Data,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (37:1), pp. 299-313.
== Originating area ==
* Psychology
== Level of analysis ==
* Individual
== Links to WWW sites describing theory ==
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_influence
== Links from this theory to other theories ==
*
== IS articles that use the theory ==
Malhotra, Y., and Galletta, D. 2005. “A Multidimensional Commitment Model of Volitional Systems Adoption and Usage Behavior,” ''Journal of Management Information Systems'' (22:1), pp. 117-151.
Wang, Y., Meister, D. B., and Gray, P. H. 2013. “Social Influence and Knowledge Management Systems Use: Evidence from Panel Data,” ''MIS Quarterly,'' (37:1), pp. 299-313.
== Contributor(s) ==
* Anupriya Khan
== Date last updated ==
*