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Line 1: − + − SIP+ − Interpersonal impression and relational communication + − Socially motivated individuals, Verbal immediacy, Patterns of confirmation/ disconfirmation, Agreement or disagreement in verbal cues, Reciprocation and compensation in verbal cues, Use of emoticon in interactions + − Social information processing(SIP) theory was posited as a formal theory of communication in the context of computer mediated communication(CMC). SIP explains the evolvement of interpersonal impressions and modification of relationships through CMC. Theory was developed in the time where online communication interface featured only textual messages and postulated that motivated individual who want to engage in relationships, can be communicated through CMC as effectively as face-to-face communication. This theory challenged the existing theories where CMC being critiqued for the absence of nonverbal cues. This perspective rooted from the concept of functional approach to non-verbal cues. This approach examines the substitutability of cues in the communication, more specifically, the function of communication is not entirely tied to the specific combination of verbal and non-verbal cues, but can be functionally interchangeable with verbal cues and achieve same effectiveness. + − Basic assumptions of theory include 1) Humans always want to affiliate and seek social benefits 2) Interpersonal impression were formed based on the interaction between individuals 3) Development of relationship is based on the interpersonal impressions 4) Individuals use verbal and/or non-verbal cues, languages and textual manipulation to interact 5) Communication via CMC might take longer time than Face-to-Face communication to form interpersonal impressions. Based on these assumptions, there are three main propositions postulated by theory. 1) Development of interpersonal impressions and relational communication among unacquainted interactants takes longer time in CMC than face-to face communication as communication via CMC takes longer time to exchange relevant information. 2) Relational communication will evolve as the number of exchanges between interactants progress and different in each stage of interaction. 3) Considering sufficient time and message exchanges present between the interactants and all other factors in communication equal, development of relationship in the later stages of CMC and face-to-face communication will be same. + − Presently, most of the structural constraints in CMC have been disappeared because of the advent of the multi-modal CMC platforms. This has raised question regarding the applicability of SIP in recent CMC context since newer CMC platforms accommodate more non-verbal cues than did CMC when SIP was formulated. But the basic assumptions of the SIP incorporate the idea that it predicts relational communication, when interactants have more restricted channel of language and media richness to achieve social benefits. This would suggest that newer CMC channels offer a significant boundary condition and restrict the scope of SIP theory. + + − N/A+ − Joseph B. Walther (1992)+ − + − Walther, J. B. (1992). Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction: A Relational Perspective. Communication Research, 19(1), 52-90 https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019001003+ − Walther, J. B. (1994). Anticipated ongoing interaction versus channel effects on relational communication in computer‐mediated interaction. Human Communication Research, 20, 473–501. doi:10.1111/j.1468‐2958. 1994.tb00332.x − Walther, J. B., & Burgoon, J. K. (1992). Relational communication in computer‐mediated interaction. Human Communication Research, 19, 50–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‐2958. 1992.tb00295.x − Interpersonal communication and media studies+ − == Links to WWW sites describing theory == − https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_information_processing_(theory), Wikipedia entry on Social information processing theory − Social identification/de‐individuation (SIDE) model of CMC, Social presence theory+ − Antheunis, M., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2010). Getting acquainted through social network sites: Testing a model of online uncertainty reduction and social attraction. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 100–109. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2009.07.005+ − Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer‐mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‐2958. 2002.tb00811.x+ − Walther, J. B., & D’Addario, K. P. (2001). The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer‐mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 323–345. doi: 10.1177/089443930101900307+ − Walther, J. B., Loh, T., & Granka, L. (2005). Let me count the ways: The interchange of verbal and nonverbal cues in computer‐mediated and face‐to‐face affinity. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24, 36–65. doi: 10.1177/0261927X04273036+ − Walther, J. B., Van Der Heide, B., Ramirez, A. Jr., et al. (2015). Interpersonal and hyperpersonal aspects of computer‐mediated communication. In S. S. Sundar (Ed.), The handbook of psychology and communication technology(pp. 3–22). Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell.+ − Wang, Z., Walther, J. B., & Hancock, J. T. (2009). Social identification and interpersonal communication in computer‐mediated communication: What you do versus who you are in virtual groups. Human Communication Research, 35, 59–85. doi:10.1111/j.1468‐2958.2008.01338.x+ − Wilson, J. M., Straus, S. G., & McEvily, B. (2006). All in due time: The development of trust in computer‐mediated and face‐to‐face teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 99, 16–33. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.08.001+ + + + − Ben Krishna, Doctoral Student at Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode, India+ − 18/12/2019+
Included diagram
== Acronym ==
==Acronym ==
N/A
== Alternate name(s)==
== Alternate name(s)==
N/A
N/A
== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==
== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==
Personal and object-related satisfaction, Control, Social power and status, Self-identity, Security, Extra-role behavior, job satisfaction, commitment to organization, organizational self-esteem, organization citizenship, efficacy and competence
== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
Satisfaction expectation, Desire for pleasure, Desire of autonomy and control, Enjoyment expectation, Desire for security
== Concise description of theory ==
== Concise description of theory ==
Appropriation in IS context signifies the way that users take possession of a technology over time. The user can either ignore certain functionalities that the technology provides or inventing new ones contradicting designers or working around certain features of technology. With continued technology use, users identify themselves with the technology and it becomes part of their life. Since, the sense of psychological ownership is similar to technology appropriation behavior, the antecedents and consequences of psychological ownership is used for appropriation of technology. At individual level, psychological ownership and appropriation are theoretically equivalent.
The framework comes up with two propositions. Desires for autonomy or control, pleasure, and security, as well as expectations of enjoyment and satisfaction will motivate the appropriation of a technology. Individual appropriation of a technology will result in increases in: personal and object-related satisfaction, control, social power and status, self-identity, security, extra-role behaviour, job satisfaction, commitment to organization, organizational self-esteem, organizational citizenship, efficacy, and competence.
== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
== Originating author(s) ==
== Originating author(s) ==
James Gaskin, Kalle lyytinen
== Seminal articles ==
== Seminal article(s) ==
Gaskin, J.E., & Lyytinen, K.J. (2010). Psychological Ownership and the Individual Appropriation of Technology. ''2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences'', 1-8.
== Originating area ==
== Originating area ==
Applied psychology
== Level of analysis ==
== Level of analysis ==
Individual
Individual
== Links from this theory to other theories ==
== Links from this theory to other theories ==
[[Technology acceptance model]], [[Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology|Unified theory of acceptance]], [[Adaptive structuration theory]]
== IS articles that use the theory ==
== IS articles that use the theory ==
1. Mendoza, Antonette & Carroll, Jennie & Stern, Linda. (2010). Software appropriation over time: From adoption to stabilization and beyond. Australasian Journal of Information Systems; Vol 16, No 2 (2010). 16. 10.3127/ajis.v16i2.507.
2. Kirk, Colleen & Swain, Scott & Gaskin, James. (2015). I'm Proud of It: Consumer Technology Appropriation and Psychological Ownership. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 23. 10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_199.
3. Xiao, Yazhen & Spanjol, Jelena. (2021). Yes, but not now! Why some users procrastinate in adopting digital product updates. Journal of Business Research. 135. 685-696. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.066.
4. Quinones, Pablo-Alejandro. (2015). Cultivating Practice & Shepherding Technology Use: Supporting Appropriation Among Unanticipated Users. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW. 10.1145/2531602.2531698.
5. Mendoza, Antonette & Carroll, Jennie & Stern, Linda. (2010). Software appropriation over time: From adoption to stabilization and beyond. Australasian Journal of Information Systems; Vol 16, No 2 (2010). 16. 10.3127/ajis.v16i2.507.
== Contributor(s) ==
== Contributor(s) ==
Harikrishnan R S, Doctoral student at Indian institute of management, Kozhikode, India
== Date last updated ==
== Date last updated ==
21/08/2022
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