Changes

== '''Technology acceptance model''' ==

=='''Technology acceptance model'''==

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== Acronym ==

==Acronym==

TAM

TAM

== Alternate name(s)==

==Alternate name(s)==

N/A

N/A

== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==

==Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==

Behavioral intention to use, System usage

Behavioral intention to use, System usage

== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==

==Main independent construct(s)/factor(s)==

Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use

Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use

== Concise description of theory ==

==Concise description of theory==

TAM is an adaptation of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to the field of IS. TAM posits that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use determine an individual's intention to use a system with intention to use serving as a mediator of actual system use. Perceived usefulness is also seen as being directly impacted by perceived ease of use. Researchers have simplified TAM by removing the attitude construct found in TRA from the current specification (Venkatesh et. al., 2003). Attempts to extend TAM have generally taken one of three approaches: by introducing factors from related models, by introducing additional or alternative belief factors, and by examining antecedents and moderators of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (Wixom and Todd, 2005).

TAM is an adaptation of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to the field of IS. TAM posits that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use determine an individual's intention to use a system with intention to use serving as a mediator of actual system use. Perceived usefulness is also seen as being directly impacted by perceived ease of use. Researchers have simplified TAM by removing the attitude construct found in TRA from the current specification (Venkatesh et. al., 2003). Attempts to extend TAM have generally taken one of three approaches: by introducing factors from related models, by introducing additional or alternative belief factors, and by examining antecedents and moderators of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (Wixom and Todd, 2005). In a recent paper, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313426540_Controlling_for_Lexical_Closeness_in_Survey_Research_A_Demonstration_on_the_Technology_Acceptance_Model Gefen and Larsen (2017)] demonstrated that TAM's construct relationships primarily emerge from semantic relationships between its questionnaire items. A Theory explaining their findings is described at [[Semantic theory of survey response]].

TRA and TAM, both of which have strong behavioural elements, assume that when someone forms an intention to act, that they will be free to act without limitation. In practice constraints such as limited ability, time, environmental or organisational limits, and unconscious habits will limit the freedom to act.

TRA and TAM, both of which have strong behavioural elements, assume that when someone forms an intention to act, that they will be free to act without limitation. In practice constraints such as limited ability, time, environmental or organisational limits, and unconscious habits will limit the freedom to act.

== Diagram/schematic of theory ==

==Diagram/schematic of theory==

[[Image:Tam.JPG]]

[[Image:Tam.JPG]]

== Originating author(s) ==

==Originating author(s)==

Davis (1986); Davis (1989)

Davis (1986); Davis (1989)

== Seminal articles ==

==Seminal articles==

Davis, F. D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results. (Doctoral dissertation, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).  

Davis, F. D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results. (Doctoral dissertation, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).  

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.  

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.  

== Originating area ==

==Originating area==

Information Systems, Technology Adoption

Information Systems, Technology Adoption

== Level of analysis ==

==Level of analysis==

Individual

Individual

== IS articles that use the theory ==

==IS articles that use the theory==

Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992). Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information: A replication. MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 227-247.  

Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992). Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information: A replication. MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 227-247.  

Lederer, A. L., Maupin, D. J., Sena, M. P., & Zhuang, Y. (2000). The technology acceptance model and the world wide web. Decision Support Systems, 29(3), 269-282.  

Lederer, A. L., Maupin, D. J., Sena, M. P., & Zhuang, Y. (2000). The technology acceptance model and the world wide web. Decision Support Systems, 29(3), 269-282.  

Lowry, Paul Benjamin; James Gaskin, Nathan W. Twyman, Bryan Hammer, and Tom L. Roberts (2013). “[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2177442 Taking ‘fun and games’ seriously: Proposing the hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM)],” Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS), vol. 14(11), 617–671.

Lowry, Paul Benjamin; James Gaskin, Nathan W. Twyman, Bryan Hammer, and Tom L. Roberts (2013). “[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2177442 Taking ‘fun and games’ seriously: Proposing the hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM)],” Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS), vol. 14(11), 617–671.

Yu, J. L. C., Liu, C., & Yao, J. E. (2003). Technology acceptance model for wireless internet. Internet Research, 13(3), 206-222.

Yu, J. L. C., Liu, C., & Yao, J. E. (2003). Technology acceptance model for wireless internet. Internet Research, 13(3), 206-222.

== Links from this theory to other theories ==

==Links from this theory to other theories==

[[Hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM)]], [[Multi-motive information systems continuance model (MISC)]], [[Theory of planned behavior]], [[Theory of reasoned action]], [[Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology]], [[Delone and McLean IS success model]]

[[Hedonic-motivation system adoption model (HMSAM)]], [[Multi-motive information systems continuance model (MISC)]], [[Theory of planned behavior]], [[Theory of reasoned action]], [[Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology]], [[Delone and McLean IS success model]]

== External links ==

==External links==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model, Wikipedia entry for TAM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model, Wikipedia entry for TAM

http://www.guuspijpers.com/Research.htm#Technology%20Acceptance%20Model%20(TAM), Guus Pijpers presents an extensive list of TAM references up to December 2003

http://www.guuspijpers.com/Research.htm#Technology%20Acceptance%20Model%20(TAM), Guus Pijpers presents an extensive list of TAM references up to December 2003

== Original Contributor(s) ==

==Original Contributor(s)==

Brent Furneaux

Brent Furneaux

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