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== '''Theory Name''' ==
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=='''Elaboration Likelihood Model'''==
Elaboration Likelihood Model
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== Acronym ==
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==Acronym==
 
ELM
 
ELM
 
   
 
   
== Alternate name(s)==
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==Alternate name(s)==
 
None
 
None
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== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==
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==Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==
 
Changed Attitude
 
Changed Attitude
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== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
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==Main independent construct(s)/factor(s)==
 
Argument Quality
 
Argument Quality
 
Peripheral Cues
 
Peripheral Cues
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== Concise description of theory ==
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==Concise description of theory==
 
The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is a psychological theory that addresses the process of persuasion.  Specifically, it is a “dual-process” theory – that is, a theory that explains that there are two routes through which persuasion takes place, the central route and the peripheral route.   
 
The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is a psychological theory that addresses the process of persuasion.  Specifically, it is a “dual-process” theory – that is, a theory that explains that there are two routes through which persuasion takes place, the central route and the peripheral route.   
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The ELM explains that changes in attitudes are a function of (1) the quality of the information or argument, (2) peripheral cues, including heuristics and other stimuli that influence persuasion, and (3) elaboration likelihood.   
 
The ELM explains that changes in attitudes are a function of (1) the quality of the information or argument, (2) peripheral cues, including heuristics and other stimuli that influence persuasion, and (3) elaboration likelihood.   
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== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
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==Diagram/schematic of theory==
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[[File:ELM_GeneralModel.jpg|400px|thumb|left|ELM model]]
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<br style="clear:both" />
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== Originating author(s) ==
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==Originating author(s)==
 
Petty, R.E., and Cacioppo, J.T. 1986. Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
 
Petty, R.E., and Cacioppo, J.T. 1986. Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    
Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T., and Goldman, R. 1981. "Personal Involvement as a Determinant of Argument-Based Persuasion," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (41:5), p 847.
 
Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T., and Goldman, R. 1981. "Personal Involvement as a Determinant of Argument-Based Persuasion," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (41:5), p 847.
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== Seminal articles ==
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==Seminal articles==
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Eagly, A.H., and Chaiken, S. 1993. The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
== Originating area ==
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Chaiken, S., and Trope, Y. 1999. Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology. Guilford Press.
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==Originating area==
 
Psychology
 
Psychology
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== Level of analysis ==
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==Level of analysis==
 
Individual
 
Individual
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== Links to WWW sites describing theory ==
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==Links to WWW sites describing theory==
 
Elaboration Likelihood Model - Wikipedia Entry - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaboration_likelihood_model]  
 
Elaboration Likelihood Model - Wikipedia Entry - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaboration_likelihood_model]  
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Elaboration Likelihood Model – video from “The Psych Files” - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlqUPJ_LCrs]
 
Elaboration Likelihood Model – video from “The Psych Files” - [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlqUPJ_LCrs]
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== Links from this theory to other theories ==
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==Links from this theory to other theories==
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[[Technology acceptance model]]
== IS articles that use the theory ==
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Angst, C. M., and R. Agarwal (2009) "Adoption of Electronic Health Records in the Presence of Privacy Concerns: The Elaboration Likelihood Model and Individual Persuasion", MIS Quarterly, (33) 2, pp. 339-370.
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Bhattacherjee, A., and C. Sanford (2006) "Influence Processes for Information Technology Acceptance: An Elaboration Likelihood Model", MIS Quarterly, pp. 805-825.
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[[Theory of planned behavior]]
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[[Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology]]
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==IS articles that use the theory==
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Angst, C. M., and R. Agarwal (2009) "[http://inn.colorado.edu/Details/Paper/6317 Adoption of Electronic Health Records in the Presence of Privacy Concerns: The Elaboration Likelihood Model and Individual Persuasion]", MIS Quarterly, (33) 2, pp. 339-370.
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Bansal, G., Zahedi, F. M., & Gefen, D. (2015). The role of privacy assurance mechanisms in building trust and the moderating role of privacy concern. ''European Journal of Information Systems'', ''24''(6), 624-644.
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Bhattacherjee, A., and C. Sanford (2006) "[http://inn.colorado.edu/Details/Paper/6722 Influence Processes for Information Technology Acceptance: An Elaboration Likelihood Model]", MIS Quarterly, pp. 805-825.
    
Cheung, C. M.-Y., C.-L. Sia, and K. K. Kuan (2012) "Is This Review Believable? A Study of Factors Affecting the Credibility of Online Consumer Reviews from an ELM Perspective", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, (13) 8.
 
Cheung, C. M.-Y., C.-L. Sia, and K. K. Kuan (2012) "Is This Review Believable? A Study of Factors Affecting the Credibility of Online Consumer Reviews from an ELM Perspective", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, (13) 8.
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Jahng, J., H. Jain, and K. Ramamurthy (2007) "Effects of Interaction Richness on Consumer Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions in E-commerce: Some Experimental Results", European Journal of Information Systems, (16) 3, pp. 254-269.
 
Jahng, J., H. Jain, and K. Ramamurthy (2007) "Effects of Interaction Richness on Consumer Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions in E-commerce: Some Experimental Results", European Journal of Information Systems, (16) 3, pp. 254-269.
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Kim, D., and I. Benbasat (2006) "The Effects of Trust-Assuring Arguments on Consumer Trust in Internet Stores: Application of Toulmin's Model of Argumentation", Information Systems Research, (17) 3, pp. 286-300.
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Johnston, A. C., Warkentin, M., Dennis, A. R., & Siponen, M. (2019). Speak their Language: Designing Effective Messages to Improve Employees’ Information Security Decision Making. Decision Sciences, 50(2), 245-284.
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Kim, D., and I. Benbasat (2006) "[http://inn.colorado.edu/Details/Paper/6915 The Effects of Trust-Assuring Arguments on Consumer Trust in Internet Stores: Application of Toulmin's Model of Argumentation]", Information Systems Research, (17) 3, pp. 286-300.
    
Kim, D., and I. Benbasat (2009) "Trust-Assuring Arguments in B2C E-commerce: Impact of Content, Source, and Price on Trust", Journal of Management Information Systems, (26) 3, pp. 175-206.
 
Kim, D., and I. Benbasat (2009) "Trust-Assuring Arguments in B2C E-commerce: Impact of Content, Source, and Price on Trust", Journal of Management Information Systems, (26) 3, pp. 175-206.
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Paul Benjamin Lowry, Gregory D. Moody, Anthony Vance, Matthew L. Jensen, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, and Taylor Wells (2012). “[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1948055 Using an elaboration likelihood approach to better understand the persuasiveness of website privacy assurance cues for online consumers],” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), vol. 63(4), pp. 755-766 (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21705).
    
Meservy, T. O., M. L. Jensen, and K. J. Fadel (2013) "Evaluation of Competing Candidate Solutions in Electronic Networks of Practice", Information Systems Research, (25) 1, pp. 15-34.
 
Meservy, T. O., M. L. Jensen, and K. J. Fadel (2013) "Evaluation of Competing Candidate Solutions in Electronic Networks of Practice", Information Systems Research, (25) 1, pp. 15-34.
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Sussman, S. W., and W. S. Siegal (2003) "Informational Influence in Organizations: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Adoption", Information Systems Research, (14) 1, pp. 47-65.
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Sussman, S. W., and W. S. Siegal (2003) "[http://inn.colorado.edu/Details/Paper/6804 Informational Influence in Organizations: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Adoption]", Information Systems Research, (14) 1, pp. 47-65.
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Tam, K. Y., and S. Y. Ho (2005) "Web Personalization as a Persuasion Strategy: An Elaboration Likelihood Model Perspective", Information Systems Research, (16) 3, pp. 271-291.
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Tam, K. Y., and S. Y. Ho (2005) "[http://inn.colorado.edu/Details/Paper/6821 Web Personalization as a Persuasion Strategy: An Elaboration Likelihood Model Perspective]", Information Systems Research, (16) 3, pp. 271-291.
    
Zhang, W., and S. A. Watts (2008) "Capitalizing on Content: Information Adoption in Two Online Communities", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, (9) 2.
 
Zhang, W., and S. A. Watts (2008) "Capitalizing on Content: Information Adoption in Two Online Communities", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, (9) 2.
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== Contributor(s) ==
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<br />
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==Contributor(s)==
 
Jeff Baker
 
Jeff Baker
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== Date last updated ==
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==Date last updated==
 
May 26, 2014
 
May 26, 2014
    
Please feel free to make modifications to this site. In order to do so, you must register.
 
Please feel free to make modifications to this site. In order to do so, you must register.
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